Up until the Archaic Greeks created the very first freestanding statuary, a remarkable achievement, carvings had mainly been completed in walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of these freestanding sculptures were what is known as kouros figures, statues of young, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks. The kouroi were considered by the Greeks to rep

The Archaic Greeks developed the very first freestanding statuary, an impressive achievement as most sculptures up until then had been reliefs cut into walls and pillars. Kouros figures, sculptures of adolescent, good-looking male or female (kore) Greeks, made up the majority of the sculptures. The kouroi, regarded by the Greeks to portray beauty,

As the leader of the Catholic Church, the scholarly Pope Nicholas V (1397-1455} decided to authorize translations of invaluable books from their original Greek into Latin. In addition, beautifying the city and making it the true capital of the Christian world was at the heart of his ambitions. Beginning in 1453, he called for the restoration of the

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English monastic gardens left are vestiges and limited reliable records behind. he planting and arrangement showing the cloisters containing a herbarium and a conduit—with the fish-pond, orchard, and vineyard outside the walls is presented in twelfth-century plan of Canterbury, but it merely provides a general concept of the garden